{"id":305836,"date":"2021-03-25T15:18:14","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T14:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.nl\/?p=305836"},"modified":"2022-06-28T09:35:53","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T07:35:53","slug":"cite-an-image","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/citing-sources\/cite-an-image\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Cite an Image | Photographs, Figures, Diagrams"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To cite an image, you need an <a href=index-3579.html>in-text citation<\/a> and a corresponding reference entry. The reference entry should list:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The creator of the image<\/li>\n<li>The year it was published<\/li>\n<li>The title of the image<\/li>\n<li>The format of the image (e.g., &#8220;photograph&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>Its location or container (e.g. a <a href=index-4775.html>website<\/a>, <a href=index-4508.html>book<\/a>, or museum)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The format varies depending on where you accessed the image and which citation style you\u2019re using: <a href=index-1778.html>APA<\/a>, <a href=index-1779.html>MLA<\/a>, or <a href=index5d3a.html?cat_ID=6173\%22>Chicago<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you include the image directly in your text as a figure, you\u2019ll usually have to include an appropriate copyright\/permissions statement.<!--more--><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"apa\">Citing an image in APA Style<\/h2>\n<p>In an <a href=index-4876.html>APA Style reference entry for an image<\/a> found on a <a href=index-4877.html>website<\/a>, write the image title in italics, followed by a description of its format in square brackets. Include the name of the site and the URL. The APA in-text citation just includes the photographer&#8217;s name and the year.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>APA format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Initials<\/span>. (<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>). <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Image title<\/em><\/span> [<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Format<\/span>]. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Site Name<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3331.html>APA reference entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Reis, L. (2021). <em>Northern cardinal female at Lake Meyer Park IA 653A2079 <\/em>[Photograph]. Flickr. https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/2kNpoXB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\n<td>(Reis, 2021)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The information included after the title and format varies for images from other containers (e.g. <a href=index-4634.html>books<\/a>, <a href=index-4878.html>articles<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>When you include the image itself in your text, you\u2019ll also have to <a href=index-3486.html>format it as a figure<\/a> and <a href=index-4850.html#copyright\">include appropriate copyright\/permissions information<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Images viewed in person<\/h3>\n<p>For an artwork viewed at a museum, gallery, or other physical archive, include information about the institution and location. If there\u2019s a page on the institution\u2019s website for the specific work, its URL can also be included.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>APA format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Initials<\/span>. (<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>). <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Image title<\/em><\/span> [<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Format<\/span>]. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Institution Name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Location<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3331.html>APA reference entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Kahlo, F. (1940). <em>Self-portrait with cropped hair <\/em>[Painting]. Museum of Modern Art, New York City, NY, United States. https:\/\/www.moma.org\/collection\/works\/78333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\n<td>(Kahlo, 1940)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"mla\">Citing an image in MLA Style<\/h2>\n<p>In an <a href=index-4879.html>MLA Works Cited entry for an image<\/a> found <a href=index-4880.html>online<\/a>, the title of the image appears in quotation marks, the name of the site in italics. Include the full publication date if available, not just the year.<\/p>\n<p>The MLA in-text citation normally just consists of the author\u2019s last name.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>MLA format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">First name<\/span>. \u201c<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Image Title<\/span>.\u201d <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Website Name<\/em><\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Day Month Year<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3339.html>MLA Works Cited entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Reis, Larry. \u201cNorthern Cardinal Female at Lake Meyer Park IA 653A2079.\u201d <em>Flickr<\/em>, 22 Mar. 2021, https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/2kNpoXB.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3340.html>MLA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\n<td>(Reis)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The information included after the title and format differs for images contained within other source types, such as <a href=index-4002.html>books<\/a> and <a href=index-4881.html>articles<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you include the image itself as a figure, make sure to <a href=index-4445.html#tables-and-illustrations\">format it correctly<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Images viewed in person<\/h3>\n<p>A citation for an image viewed in a museum (or other physical archive, e.g. a gallery) includes the name and location of the institution instead of website information.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>MLA format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">First name<\/span>. \u201c<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Image Title<\/span>.\u201d <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Institution Name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">City<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3339.html>MLA Works Cited entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Kahlo, Frida. \u201cSelf-Portrait with Cropped Hair.\u201d 1940, Museum of Modern Art, New York.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3340.html>MLA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\n<td>(Kahlo)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"chicago\">Citing an image in Chicago Style<\/h2>\n<p>In <a href=index5d3a.html?cat_ID=6173\%22>Chicago style<\/a>, images may just be referred to in the text without need for a citation or bibliography entry.<\/p>\n<p>If you have to include a full <a href=index-4882.html>Chicago style image citation<\/a>, however, list the title in italics, add relevant information about the image format, and add a URL at the end of the bibliography entry for images consulted online.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Chicago format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">First name<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Image Title<\/em><\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Month Day<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Format<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Website Name<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3344.html>Chicago bibliography entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Reis, Larry. <em>Northern Cardinal Female at Lake Meyer Park IA 653A2079<\/em>. March 22, 2021. Photograph. Flickr. https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/2kNpoXB.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3345.html>Chicago footnote<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1. Larry Reis,\u00a0<em>Northern Cardinal Female at Lake Meyer Park IA 653A2079<\/em>, March 22, 2021, photograph, Flickr, https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/2kNpoXB.<\/p>\n<p>2. Reis, <em>Northern Cardinal Female<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Chicago also offers an alternative <a href=index-2686.html>author-date citation style<\/a>. Examples of image citations in this style can be found <a href=index-4883.html#author-date\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Images viewed in person<\/h3>\n<p>For an image viewed in a museum, gallery, or other physical archive, you can again just refer to it in the text without a formal citation. If a citation is required, list the institution and the city it is located in at the end of the bibliography entry.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Chicago format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">First name<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Image Title<\/em><\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Format<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Institution Name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">City<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3344.html>Chicago bibliography entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Kahlo, Frida. <em>Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair<\/em>. 1940. Oil on canvas, 40 x 27.9 cm. Museum of Modern Art, New York.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3345.html>Chicago footnote<\/a><\/th>\n<td>1. Frida Kahlo,\u00a0<em>Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair<\/em>, 1940, oil on canvas, 40 x 27.9 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kahlo, <em>Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n    <h2>Frequently asked questions about citations<\/h2>\n<dl class=\"faq-list faq-list--arrows w-100 my-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"main-elements-image-citation\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4884.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        What are the main elements of an image citation?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"main-elements-image-citation-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>The main elements included in <a href=index-4885.html>image citations<\/a> across <a href=index-1778.html>APA<\/a>, <a href=index-1779.html>MLA<\/a>, and <a href=index5d3a.html?cat_ID=6173\%22>Chicago style<\/a> are the name of the image\u2019s creator, the image title, the year (or more precise date) of publication, and details of the container in which the image was found (e.g. a museum, <a href=index-4508.html>book<\/a>, <a href=index-4775.html>website<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>In APA and Chicago style, it\u2019s standard to also include a description of the image\u2019s format (e.g. \u201cPhotograph\u201d or \u201cOil on canvas\u201d). This sort of information may be included in MLA too, but is not mandatory.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"cite-untitled-source\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4886.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        How do I cite a source with no title?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"cite-untitled-source-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Untitled sources (e.g. some <a href=index-4885.html>images<\/a>) are usually cited using a short descriptive text in place of the title. In <a href=index-1778.html>APA Style<\/a>, this description appears in brackets: <span class=\"highlight\">[Chair of stained oak].<\/span> In <a href=index-1779.html>MLA<\/a> and <a href=index5d3a.html?cat_ID=6173\%22>Chicago<\/a> styles, no brackets are used: <span class=\"highlight\">Chair of stained oak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>For social media posts, which are usually untitled, quote the initial words of the post in place of the title: <a href=index-4887.html#citing-social-media\">the first 160 characters in Chicago<\/a>, or <a href=index-4888.html#social-media\">the first 20 words in APA<\/a>. E.g. Biden, J. [@JoeBiden]. <span class=\"highlight\">\u201cThe American Rescue Plan means a $7,000 check for a single mom of four. It means more support to safely.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>MLA recommends quoting the full post for something short like a tweet, and just describing the post if it\u2019s longer.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"cite-source-with-no-author\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4889.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        How do I cite a source with no author?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"cite-source-with-no-author-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>In <a href=index-1778.html>APA<\/a>, <a href=index-1779.html>MLA<\/a>, and <a href=index-1780.html>Chicago style<\/a> citations for sources that don\u2019t list a specific author (e.g. many <a href=index-4775.html>websites<\/a>), you can usually list the organization responsible for the source as the author.<\/p>\n<p>If the organization is the same as the website or publisher, you shouldn\u2019t repeat it twice in your reference:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In APA and Chicago, omit the website or publisher name later in the reference.<\/li>\n<li>In MLA, omit the <a href=index-4890.html>author element<\/a> at the start of the reference, and cite the source title instead.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If there\u2019s no appropriate organization to list as author, you will usually have to begin the citation and reference entry with the title of the source instead.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"which-citation-style\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-3350.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        Which citation style should I use?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"which-citation-style-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Check if your university or course guidelines specify which <a href=index-1052.html>citation style<\/a> to use. If the choice is left up to you, consider which style is most commonly used in your field.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-1778.html>APA Style<\/a> is the most popular citation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-1779.html>MLA style<\/a> is the second most popular, used mainly in the humanities.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index5d3a.html?cat_ID=6173\%22>Chicago notes and bibliography style<\/a> is also popular in the humanities, especially history.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-2686.html>Chicago author-date style<\/a> tends to be used in the sciences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Other more specialized styles exist for certain fields, such as <em>Bluebook<\/em> and <a href=index-3346.html>OSCOLA<\/a> for law.<\/p>\n<p>The most important thing is to choose one style and use it consistently throughout your text.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To cite an image, you need an in-text citation and a corresponding reference entry. The reference entry should list: The creator of the image The year it was published The title of the image The format of the image (e.g., &#8220;photograph&#8221;) Its location or container (e.g. a website, book, or museum) The format varies depending [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>How to Cite an Image | Photographs, Figures, Diagrams<\/title>\n
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