{"id":43035,"date":"2022-02-07T11:26:12","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T10:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.nl\/?p=43035"},"modified":"2022-09-14T17:54:14","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T15:54:14","slug":"self-plagiarism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/plagiarism\/self-plagiarism\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Self-Plagiarism? | Definition &#038; How to Avoid It"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=index-1154.html>Plagiarism<\/a> often involves using someone else\u2019s words or ideas without proper <a href=index-1775.html>citation<\/a>, but you can also plagiarize yourself. Self-plagiarism means reusing work that you have already published or submitted for a class. It can involve:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resubmitting an entire paper<\/li>\n<li>Copying or paraphrasing passages from your previous work<\/li>\n<li>Recycling previously collected data<\/li>\n<li>Separately publishing multiple articles about the same research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Self-plagiarism misleads your readers by presenting previous work as completely new and original. If you want to include any text, ideas, or data that you already submitted in a previous assignment, be sure to inform your readers by <a href=index-4786.html#cite-yourself\">citing yourself<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left yellow\">To ensure your text doesn&#8217;t contain unintentional self-plagiarism, get your document checked before submission by specialized <strong>self-plagiarism software<\/strong>, such as our <a href=index-3598.html>Self-Plagiarism Checker<\/a>.<\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Examples of self-plagiarism<\/h2>\n<p>You may be committing self-plagiarism if you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Submit an assignment from a previous academic year to a current class<\/li>\n<li>Recycle parts of an old assignment without citing it (e.g., copy-pasting sections or paragraphs from previously submitted work)<\/li>\n<li>Use a dataset from a previous study (published or not) without letting your reader know<\/li>\n<li>Submit a manuscript for publication containing data, conclusions, or passages that have already been published without citing your previous publication<\/li>\n<li>Publish multiple similar papers about the same study in different journals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>Examples: Self-plagiarism<\/h6>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs\" style=\"border: none;\">\n<ul class=\"scribbrTabs-menu\" style=\"border-radius: 10px; background-color: #202f66; font-size: 0.9em;\">\n<li class=\"current\"><a href=index.html#\"><span class=\"text-color-white\">Reusing text from previous papers<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index.html#\"><span class=\"text-color-white\">Simultaneous submission<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index.html#\"><span class=\"text-color-white\">Recycling data<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-tabs\">\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\">\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left red\">You are working on your capstone project, your last big assignment before graduation. You have chosen to write a <a href=index-896.html>thesis<\/a> about the effects of Brexit on European commerce. You already wrote a paper about Brexit for a previous course, so you may not see any harm in reusing a section or two in your thesis. However, if you don&#8217;t cite yourself, you are committing self-plagiarism.<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\">\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left red\">You have conducted research on the effects of the recent elections on policy initiatives. You submit your findings to all relevant academic journals. You may think you are broadening your chances of getting published, but in fact you are at risk of committing self-plagiarism if multiple journals opt to publish your research.<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\">\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left red\">You are working on a new paper about military spending, and realize that a portion of a dataset that you used in a previously published paper would really enhance your current dataset. Since it&#8217;s your data, you don&#8217;t see any harm in adding it to your new dataset. However, if you don&#8217;t cite yourself, you are committing self-plagiarism.<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Why is self-plagiarism wrong?<\/h2>\n<p>While self-plagiarism may not be considered as serious as plagiarizing someone else\u2019s work, it&#8217;s still a form of <a href=index-1840.html>academic dishonesty<\/a> and can have the same <a href=index-1839.html>consequences<\/a> as other forms of plagiarism. Self-plagiarism:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Shows a lack of interest in producing new work<\/li>\n<li>Can involve copyright infringement if you reuse published work<\/li>\n<li>Means you&#8217;re not making a new and original contribution to knowledge<\/li>\n<li>Undermines academic integrity, as you&#8217;re misrepresenting your research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It can still be legitimate to reuse your previous work in some contexts, but you need to acknowledge you&#8217;re doing so by citing yourself.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cite-yourself\">How to cite yourself<\/h2>\n<p>It can be legitimate to reuse pieces of your previous work, but you need to ensure you have explicit permission from your instructor before doing so, and you must <b>cite yourself<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>You can cite yourself just like you would cite any other source. The examples below show how you could cite your own unpublished thesis or dissertation in various styles.<\/p>\n<h6>Example: Citing an unpublished thesis or dissertation<\/h6>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs\" style=\"border: none;\">\n<ul class=\"scribbrTabs-menu\" style=\"border-radius: 10px; background-color: #202f66; font-size: 0.9em;\">\n<li class=\"current\"><a href=index.html#\"><span class=\"text-color-white\">APA Style<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index.html#\"><span class=\"text-color-white\">MLA style<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index.html#\"><span class=\"text-color-white\">Chicago style<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-tabs\">\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\">\n<table class=\"kb-table bordered vertical-borders kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>APA format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Initials<\/span>. (<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>). <em><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Title<\/span>: <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Subtitle<\/span><\/em><span class=\"text-color-purple\">\u00a0<\/span>[Unpublished <span class=\"text-color-purple\">type of thesis or dissertation<\/span>]. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">University Name<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL <\/span><span class=\"text-color-red\">or <\/span><span class=\"text-color-purple\">DOI<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3331.html>APA reference entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Merkus, J. (2018). <em>The power of reading: The effect of different reading methods on the vocabulary of multilingual children<\/em>\u00a0[Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis]. Radboud University.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\n<td>(Merkus, 2018)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\">\n<table class=\"kb-table bordered vertical-borders kb-apa-example\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>APA format<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">First name<\/span>. <em><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Title<\/span>: <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Subtitle<\/span><\/em>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">University Name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">type of thesis or dissertation<\/span>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3339.html>MLA Works Cited entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td>Merkus, Julia. <em>The Power of Reading: The Effect of Different Reading Methods on the Vocabulary of Multilingual Children<\/em>. Radboud University, master\u2019s thesis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3340.html>MLA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\n<td>(Merkus, 15)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\">\n<table class=\"kb-table bordered vertical-borders kb-apa-example note\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3344.html>Chicago bibliography entry<\/a><\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-indent\"><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Last name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">First name<\/span>. &#8220;<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Title<\/span>: <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Subtitle<\/span>.&#8221; <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Type of thesis or diss.<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">University Name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text-indent\">Merkus, Julia. \u201cThe Power of Reading: The Effect of Different Reading Methods on the Vocabulary of Multilingual Children.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, Radboud University, 2018.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3709.html#full-notes-and-short-notes\">Full note<\/a><\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author first name Last name<\/span>, \u201c<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Title<\/span>: <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Subtitle<\/span>\u201d (<span class=\"text-color-purple\">type of thesis or diss.<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">University Name<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>), <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Page number(s)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>1. Julia Merkus, \u201cThe Power of Reading: The Effect of Different Reading Methods on the Vocabulary of Multilingual Children\u201d (master\u2019s thesis, Radboud University, 2018), 15.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><a href=index-3709.html#full-notes-and-short-notes\">Short note<\/a><\/th>\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name<\/span>, \u201c<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Shortened Title<\/span>,\u201d <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Page number(s)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>2. Merkus, \u201cPower of Reading,\u201d 21.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"detect\">How do educational institutions detect self-plagiarism?<\/h2>\n<p>In addition to plagiarism software databases, many educational institutions keep databases of submitted assignments. Sometimes, they even have access to databases at other institutions. If you hand in even a portion of an old assignment a second time, the plagiarism software will flag it as self-plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p>Online plagiarism checkers not affiliated with a university don&#8217;t have access to the internal databases of educational institutions, and therefore their software cannot check your document for self-plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to our Plagiarism Checker, Scribbr also offers a <a href=index-3598.html>Self-Plagiarism Checker<\/a>. This unique tool allows you to upload your own original sources and compare them with your new assignment. It will flag any unintentional self-plagiarism, in addition to other forms of plagiarism, and helps ensure that you add the correct citations before submitting your assignment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; background: #E8F2FC; margin: 0px;\">\n<h2 id=\"own-sources-checker\" class=\"ignore\">Scribbr&#8217;s Self-Plagiarism Checker<\/h2>\n<p>Online plagiarism scanners do not have access to internal university databases, and therefore cannot check your document for self-plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p>Using Scribbr&#8217;s <a href=index-3598.html>Self-Plagiarism Checker<\/a>, you can upload your previous work and compare it to your current document:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Your thesis or dissertation<\/li>\n<li>Your papers or essays<\/li>\n<li>Any other published or unpublished documents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The checker will scan the texts for similarities and flag any passages where you might have self-plagiarized.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn--orange\" href=index-3598.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Now for $9.95<\/a><\/figure>\n    <h2>Frequently asked questions about plagiarism<\/h2>\n<dl class=\"faq-list faq-list--arrows w-100 my-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"can-you-plagiarize-yourself\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4000.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        Can you plagiarize yourself?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"can-you-plagiarize-yourself-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Yes, reusing your own work without acknowledgment is considered <a href=index-1838.html>self-plagiarism<\/a>. This can range from re-submitting an entire assignment to reusing passages or data from something you&#8217;ve turned in previously without citing them.<\/p>\n<p>Self-plagiarism often has the same <a href=index-1839.html>consequences<\/a> as other <a href=index-1837.html>types of plagiarism<\/a>. If you want to reuse content you wrote in the past, make sure to check your university\u2019s policy or consult your professor.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"when-do-i-cite-myself\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4787.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        When do I need to cite myself?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"when-do-i-cite-myself-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>If you are reusing content or data you used in a previous assignment, make sure to <a href=index-1775.html>cite<\/a> yourself. You can cite yourself just as you would cite any other source: simply follow the directions for that source type in the <a href=index-3579.html>citation style<\/a> you are using.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that reusing your previous work can be considered <a href=index-1838.html>self-plagiarism<\/a>, so make sure you ask your professor or consult your university&#8217;s handbook before doing so.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"does-turnitin-check-self-plagiarism\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4788.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        Does Turnitin check for self-plagiarism?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"does-turnitin-check-self-plagiarism-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Most institutions have an internal database of previously submitted student papers. Turnitin can check for <a href=index-1838.html>self-plagiarism<\/a> by comparing your paper against this database. If you&#8217;ve reused parts of an assignment you already submitted, it will flag any similarities as potential plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p>Online plagiarism checkers don&#8217;t have access to your institution&#8217;s database, so they can&#8217;t detect self-plagiarism of unpublished work. If you&#8217;re worried about accidentally self-plagiarizing, you can use <a href=index-3598.html>Scribbr&#8217;s Self-Plagiarism Checker<\/a> to upload your unpublished documents and check them for similarities.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"what-happens-if-you-plagiarize\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4789.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        What happens if you plagiarize?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"what-happens-if-you-plagiarize-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>The <a href=index-1839.html>consequences of plagiarism<\/a> vary depending on the <a href=index-1837.html>type of plagiarism <\/a>and the context in which it occurs. For example, submitting a whole paper by someone else will have the most severe consequences, while accidental citation errors are considered less serious.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re a student, then you might fail the course, be suspended or expelled, or be obligated to attend a workshop on plagiarism. It depends on whether it\u2019s your first offense or you\u2019ve done it before.<\/p>\n<p>As an academic or professional, plagiarizing seriously damages your reputation. You might also lose your research funding or your job, and you could even face legal consequences for copyright infringement.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"how-can-i-compare-two-documents-for-plagiarism\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4790.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        How can I compare two documents for plagiarism?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"how-can-i-compare-two-documents-for-plagiarism-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Most online plagiarism checkers only have access to public databases, whose software doesn&#8217;t allow you to compare two documents for plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p>However, in addition to our <a href=index-931.html>Plagiarism Checker<\/a>, Scribbr also offers an <a href=index-3598.html>Self-Plagiarism Checker<\/a>. This is an add-on tool that lets you compare your paper with unpublished or private documents. This way you can rest assured that you haven\u2019t unintentionally plagiarized or <a href=index-1838.html>self-plagiarized<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"btn btn--orange\" href=own-sources-checker1199.html?lng=en\%22 target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Compare two sources for plagiarism<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=index-4791.html alt=\"Rapport begrijpen OSC\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-119251\" style=\"padding-right: 20px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/understand-report-1-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/understand-report-1.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=index-4792.html alt=\"Own Sources Checker Rapport\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-119264 alignnone\" style=\"padding-right: 20px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/understand-report-2-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/understand-report-2.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=index-4793.html alt=\"Own Sources Checker Rapport\" width=\"278\" height=\"204\" class=\" wp-image-119277 alignnone\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/understand-report-3-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/understand-report-3.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plagiarism often involves using someone else\u2019s words or ideas without proper citation, but you can also plagiarize yourself. Self-plagiarism means reusing work that you have already published or submitted for a class. It can involve: Resubmitting an entire paper Copying or paraphrasing passages from your previous work Recycling previously collected data Separately publishing multiple articles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":133,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>What Is Self-Plagiarism? | Definition &amp; How to Avoid It<\/title>\n
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<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Self-plagiarism means reusing work that you have already submitted for a class or published.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=index-1838.html \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is Self-Plagiarism? | Definition &amp; How to Avoid It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Plagiarism often involves using someone else\u2019s words or ideas without proper citation, but you can also plagiarize yourself. 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