{"id":50099,"count":29,"description":"<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left yellow\">This article reflects the <strong>APA 6th edition<\/strong> guidelines. <a href=index-1778.html>Click here<\/a> for APA 7th edition guidelines.<\/figure>\r\n<img class=\"size-full alignright d-none d-sm-block\" src=index-4581.html alt=\"APA citation\" width=\"245\" height=\"349\" \/>\r\n\r\nAPA style is one of the most common formats for citing sources Other well known <a href=index5e4d.html?p=11128\%22>citation styles<\/a> include\u00a0<a href=index-1779.html>MLA<\/a> and <a href=indexc98c.html?p=51600\%22>Chicago<\/a>.\r\n\r\nAPA Style citations consist of two parts:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong><a href=index.html#goto-in-text-citations\">In-text citation<\/a>:<\/strong> A brief citation in parentheses when you mention a source, citing the author\u2019s last name and the year of publication, e.g. <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Smith, 2019)<\/span>. It identifies the full source in the reference list.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><a href=index.html#goto-reference-list\">Reference list entry<\/a>:<\/strong> Full publication details listed on the <a href=index6fc3.html?p=5761\%22>reference page<\/a>, which appears at the end of your paper. The reference provides all the information needed to find the source, e.g. <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Smith, P. (2019, April 18). Citing Sources in APA Format. Retrieved April 21, 2019, from https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/apa-style\/<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThis citation guide is based on the 6th edition of the APA Manual. The latest edition, published in October 2019, is not yet supported, but we have compiled a quick guide to <a href=index-4582.html>the most important 7th edition changes<\/a>.\r\n\r\n[citation-widget style=\"apa\" default=\"website\"]\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n<h2 id=\"goto-in-text-citations\">In-text citations<\/h2>\r\nAn in-text citation is a concise way to show the reader where the original idea came from and to give credit to the original author. Use one every time you <a href=index-1776.html>quote<\/a> or <a href=index-1777.html>paraphrase<\/a> a source.\r\n\r\nInclude the author's last name and the year of publication. When quoting a source, it's also necessary to include the page number(s) of the quote.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>An earlier study in which X and Y were compared revealed that \u2026 <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Smith, 2017)<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"highlight-blue\">Smith (2017)<\/span> shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with \u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-two-authors\">2 authors<\/h3>\r\nWhen there are two authors, separate their last names with an ampersand (&amp;), or with the word \u2018and\u2019 when they appear in the running text.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>Research shows that there is a great need for \u2026 <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Reynolds &amp; Thomas, 2014)<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"highlight-blue\">Reynolds and Thomas (2014)<\/span> write that there is a great need for \u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-three-five-authors\">3-5 authors<\/h3>\r\nWhen there are three or more authors, separate their last names using <a href=index-4306.html>commas<\/a>. The last two authors\u2019 last names should be separated by both a comma and an ampersand.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>Recent research suggests that there is \u2026 <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(McGuire, Morrison, Reynolds, &amp; Thomas, 2014)<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"highlight-blue\">McGuire, Morrison, Reynolds, and Thomas (2014)<\/span> argue that \u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIf you cite the same source again, to save space, you shorten the citation. Instead of including all the authors' names, include only the first author, followed by \"<a href=index-4305.html>et al.<\/a>\" (meaning \"and others\").\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>In this research, many participants made use of \u2026 <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(McGuire et al., 2014)<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"highlight-blue\">McGuire et al. (2014)<\/span> noticed that \u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-six-authors\">6 or more authors<\/h3>\r\nIf a source has six or more authors, use the shortened version from the first citation.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li><span class=\"highlight-blue\">Lunott et al. (2015)<\/span> discuss the \u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-organization\">Organization as author<\/h3>\r\nWhen a source does not list an individual author, it can often be attributed to an organization instead.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>According to new research \u2026 <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Microsoft, 2014)<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-quotes\">Quotes<\/h3>\r\nWhen you <a href=indexa5cd.html?p=47338\%22>quote a source<\/a>, you also have to add the page number to the in-text citation.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>According to the company's business plan,\u00a0\u201cmaking an APA Citation Generator is a lot of work, but many students benefit from it\u201d <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Swan, 2014, p. 5)<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-multiple-sources\">Multiple sources in one citation<\/h3>\r\nSometimes, it\u2019s necessary to cite multiple sources in one sentence. You can combine them into one set of parentheses, separated by <a href=index-1830.html>semicolons<\/a>.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li>Various studies show that \u2026 (<span class=\"highlight-blue\">Docker &amp; Vagrant, 2002<\/span>; <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Porter, 1997<\/span>; <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Lima, Swan, &amp; Corrieri, 2012<\/span>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"btn btn--blue btn--small\" href=indexebf2.html?p=5892\%22>Full in-text citation guide<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"goto-reference-list\">Reference list<\/h2>\r\nEvery source cited in the text must also appear in your <a href=index-3727.html>reference list<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe format differs depending on the source type, but every reference begins in the same way: with the author's last name and initials, the publication year or date, and the title of the source.\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-book-citation\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> <a href=index4406.html?p=14915\%22>Book citations<\/a><\/h3>\r\nNote: <strong>Book titles<\/strong> should be <em>italicized<\/em>.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Format<\/strong>\r\nLast Name, Initials. (Year). <i>Book title <\/i>(edition). City, State\/Country: Publisher.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Example<\/strong>\r\nPorter, M. E. (1998). <em>Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors<\/em> (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-journal-citation\"><i class=\"fa fa-graduation-cap\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> <a href=index95e7.html?p=14959\%22>Journal article citations<\/a><\/h3>\r\nNote: The <strong>journal title<\/strong> and <strong>volume number<\/strong> should be <em>italicized<\/em>.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Format<\/strong>\r\nLast Name, Initials., &amp; Last Name, Initials. (Year). Article title. <em>Journal Name<\/em>, <em>Volume<\/em>(Issue), Page Number(s). https:\/\/doi.org\/DoiNumber<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Example<\/strong>\r\nAndreff, W., &amp; Staudohar, P. D. (2000). The evolving European model of professional sports finance. <em>Journal of Sports Economics<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(3), 257\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org.\/10.1177\/152700250000100304<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-website-citation\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> <a href=index39ac.html?p=14909\%22>Website citations<\/a><\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Format<\/strong>\r\nLast Name, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Page title [OptionalType]. Retrieved from http:\/\/webaddress<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Example<\/strong>\r\nWorland, J. (2015, July 27). U.S. flood risk could be worse than we thought. Retrieved from http:\/\/time.com\/3973256\/flooding-risk-coastal-cities<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-report-citation\"><i class=\"fa fa-file-pdf-o\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> <a href=index-4583.html>Report citations<\/a><\/h3>\r\nNote: The <strong>title<\/strong> should be <em>italicized<\/em>.\r\n<ul class=\"citations\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Format<\/strong>\r\nOrganization Name or Author Last Name, Initials. (Year). <em>Report title<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/webaddress<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Example<\/strong>\r\nRoyal Bank of Scotland. (2015). <em>Annual report and accounts 2014<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/investors.rbs.com\/~\/media\/Files\/R\/RBS-IR\/2014-reports\/annual-report-2014.pdf<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-all-examples\">More APA Style examples<\/h3>\r\nDo you want to <a href=indexf39b.html?p=15027\%22>cite an image<\/a>,<a href=index12e5.html?p=12272\%22> interview<\/a>, <a href=index05b3.html?p=15108\%22>YouTube video<\/a>, <a href=index5711.html?p=15104\%22>movie<\/a>, or another source type that is not on this list? We have many more <a href=index-4584.html>APA Style examples<\/a> to help you cite correctly.\r\n<h3 id=\"goto-sorting\">Sorting the reference list<\/h3>\r\n<a href=index2c2c.html?p=5975\%22>Sort the references<\/a> in alphabetical order based on the author's last name. If you cite multiple sources by the same author, then sort them by publication year.\r\n\r\nWhen you use the <a href=index-1781.html>APA Citation Generator<\/a>, your reference list is alphabetized automatically.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"btn btn--blue btn--small\" href=index6fc3.html?p=5761\%22>Full reference list guide<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"goto-apa-formatting\">APA formatting for papers<\/h2>\r\nThere are certain formatting rules you must adhere to when writing a paper in <a href=index-3353.html>APA format<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe basic requirements are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Times New Roman 12 pt<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Double line spacing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One-inch (2.54 cm) margins<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Left-aligned running head with a shortened title and page number<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn addition to these general rules, there are more specific requirements for formatting the <a href=indexe348.html?p=56966\%22>title page<\/a>, <a href=indexa909.html?p=57145\%22>running head<\/a>, <a href=indexae2a.html?p=57160\%22>abstract<\/a>, <a href=index-3727.html>reference page<\/a>, and <a href=index5b71.html?p=19749\%22>headings and subheadings<\/a>.","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/","name":"APA Style 6th edition","slug":"6th-edition","taxonomy":"category","parent":85,"meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Quick Guide to APA Citation (6th ed.) | In-Text Citation &amp; Reference List<\/title>\n
<!-- Mirrored from www.scribbr.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/50099 by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR/YP'2000] -->
<!-- Added by HTTrack --><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /><!-- /Added by HTTrack -->
<meta name=\"description\" content=\"APA citations consist of the in-text citation and the reference list entry. Check out our examples for websites, books, articles, and more!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=index-2716.html \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"APA Style 6th edition Archieven\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Scribbr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/apa-manual.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/\",\"name\":\"Quick Guide to APA Citation (6th ed.) | In-Text Citation & Reference List\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#website\"},\"description\":\"APA citations consist of the in-text citation and the reference list entry. Check out our examples for websites, books, articles, and more!\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"APA Style 7th edition\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"APA Style 6th edition\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/\",\"name\":\"Scribbr\",\"description\":\"The checkpoint for your thesis\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Scribbr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/scribbr-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/scribbr-logo.png\",\"width\":902,\"height\":212,\"caption\":\"Scribbr\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/scribbr_\",\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/scribbr\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/Scribbr-us\/\"]}]}<\/script>","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Quick Guide to APA Citation (6th ed.) | In-Text Citation & Reference List","description":"APA citations consist of the in-text citation and the reference list entry. Check out our examples for websites, books, articles, and more!","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"APA Style 6th edition Archieven","og_url":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/","og_site_name":"Scribbr","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/apa-manual.jpg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/","url":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/","name":"Quick Guide to APA Citation (6th ed.) | In-Text Citation & Reference List","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#website"},"description":"APA citations consist of the in-text citation and the reference list entry. Check out our examples for websites, books, articles, and more!","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/6th-edition\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"APA Style 7th edition","item":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/apa-style\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"APA Style 6th edition"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/","name":"Scribbr","description":"The checkpoint for your thesis","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#organization","name":"Scribbr","url":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/scribbr-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/scribbr-logo.png","width":902,"height":212,"caption":"Scribbr"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/scribbr_","http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/scribbr","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/Scribbr-us\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/50099"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/category"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/85"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts?categories=50099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}