{"id":50254,"count":5,"description":"The American Medical Association (AMA) provides guidance for a citation style called <strong>AMA citation format<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nAMA is a common citation style in the field of medicine. It\u2019s required when you\u2019re submitting to a journal published by the American Medical Association.\r\n\r\nAMA citation format includes:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Numerical in-text citations, written in superscript<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">A numbered reference list giving full source information<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=indexba2a.html?p=398264\%22><\/a><a href=index-4325.html>AMA in-text citation<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td>As indicated by Walter et al,<sup>1<\/sup> effecting policy change is a crucial goal of public health campaigns.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-3341.html>AMA reference<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td>1. Walter L, Dumke K, Oliva A, et al. From tobacco to obesity prevention policies: A framework for implementing community-driven policy change. <em>Health Promot Pract<\/em>. 2018;19(6):856\u2013862. doi:10.1177\/1524839918760843.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<!--more-->\r\n<h2 id=\"ama-in-text-citation\">AMA in-text citation<\/h2>\r\nAn <a href=index-4325.html><strong>AMA in-text citation<\/strong><\/a> is just a superscript number (like this: <sup>7<\/sup>) that appears at the point in the text where information from another source is included. The number points the reader to the relevant entry on your <a href=index-3341.html>AMA reference page<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe superscript number should be placed so that it\u2019s clear what information is being cited. For example, you can place it after you mention the author\u2019s name, or after a quotation. The number appears after any <a href=index-4306.html>commas<\/a>, periods, or <a href=index-2681.html>quotation marks<\/a>, not before them.\r\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: AMA in-text citations<\/figcaption>As suggested by Nandita,<sup>1<\/sup> carpal tunnel syndrome can also result from \u2026<\/figure>\r\nTo cite multiple sources at the same point, you can include a range using an <a href=index-4040.html#the-en-dash-marking-a-range\">en dash<\/a> (to cite two or more sources with consecutive numbering: <sup>1\u20133<\/sup>) or a list using commas (to <a href=index-1775.html>cite sources<\/a> that are not consecutive: <sup>1,4,8<\/sup>). In either case, there\u2019s no space between the numbers.\r\n\r\nTo include page numbers (for example, when you\u2019re quoting), present them in <a href=index-1829.html>parentheses<\/a> after the citation number, again without any spacing. A single page number is preceded by \u201cp,\u201d a range or list of page numbers by \u201cpp.\u201d\r\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: AMA in-text citations with page numbers<\/figcaption>Multiple sources<sup>1,3(pp115\u2013121),5<\/sup> support this theory. However, Wekesa<sup>6(p13)<\/sup> contends that \u2026<\/figure>\r\n<h2 id=\"ama-references\">AMA references<\/h2>\r\nOn the reference page at the end of your paper, you list references containing full information about each of the sources you used. References are numbered in the order they were first cited in the text. Each source is included only once on your reference page\u2014if you need to cite a source repeatedly in the text, you use the same number each time.\r\n\r\nA reference typically includes the author\u2019s last name and initials, the source title, information about the publisher or larger publication in which it was included, and the publication date. The exact information and format vary by <a href=index-2682.html>source type<\/a>, as shown in the tabs below.\r\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-4326.html>AMA book citation format<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name Initials<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Book Title<\/em><\/span><em>:<\/em><span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em> Subtitle<\/em><\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Publisher<\/span>; <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-3341.html>AMA reference<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td>Conrad P, Gallagher EB. <em>Health and Health Care in Developing Countries: Sociological Perspectives<\/em>. Temple University Press; 1993.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-4327.html>AMA journal citation format<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name Initials<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Article title<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\"><em>Journal Name<\/em><\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>;<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Volume<\/span>(<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Issue<\/span>):<span class=\"text-color-purple\">Page range<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">DOI <\/span><span class=\"text-color-red\">or <\/span><span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL<\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-3341.html>AMA reference<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td>Shim P, Choi D, Park Y. Association of blood fatty acid composition and dietary pattern with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients who underwent cholecystectomy. <em>Ann Nutr Metab<\/em>. 2017;70(4):303\u2013311. doi:10.1159\/000475605.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"kb-apa-example\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-4328.html>AMA website citation format<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td><span class=\"text-color-purple\">Author last name Initials<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Page title<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Website Name<\/span>. Published <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Month Day<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>. Accessed <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Month Day<\/span>, <span class=\"text-color-purple\">Year<\/span>. <span class=\"text-color-purple\">URL<\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><a href=index-3341.html>AMA reference<\/a><\/th>\r\n<td>Murphy B. 5 tips to survive first-year anatomy lessons in medical school. American Medical Association. Published August 24, 2022. Accessed September 2, 2022. https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/medical-students\/medical-school-life\/5-tips-survive-first-year-anatomy-lessons-medical-school.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 id=\"formatting\">AMA formatting<\/h2>\r\nAMA also provides some general formatting guidelines for presenting your <a href=index-1576.html>(research) paper<\/a> and your reference page (though they\u2019re not too specific about the details).\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Apply a commonly used font such as Times New Roman, in size 12.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Add page numbers in the upper right corner of each page (starting with the title page).<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Use 1-inch margins and indent the first lines of paragraphs by \u00bd inch.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Double-space the text.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Use consistent styling (such as bolding, centering, or a different font) for each level of heading in the text.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Spell out <a href=index-1761.html#acronyms\">acronyms<\/a> the first time they are used.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<a href=index-4329.html class=\"colorbox\"><img src=index-4329.html alt=\"AMA example paper\" width=\"600\" height=\"506\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-426073\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nYour references appear on a separate page at the end of your text. The heading \u201cReferences\u201d appears at the top of the page. The references are formatted as a numbered list. Don't apply any special <a href=index-3635.html>hanging indent<\/a> to a reference that runs over onto a second line.\r\n\r\n<a href=index-4330.html class=\"colorbox\"><img src=index-4330.html alt=\"AMA example reference page\" width=\"600\" height=\"713\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-426099\" \/><\/a>\r\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left yellow\"><figcaption>Note<\/figcaption>Specific guidelines for formatting your paper and reference page can vary. If you\u2019re submitting to an AMA journal, make sure to check their guidelines and follow them carefully.<\/figure>\r\n[FAQ-article]","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/category\/ama\/","name":"AMA style","slug":"ama","taxonomy":"category","parent":0,"meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>AMA Citation | Quick Guide &amp; Examples<\/title>\n
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