{"id":578623,"date":"2023-09-03T13:57:29","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T11:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.nl\/?p=578623"},"modified":"2023-09-04T09:21:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-04T07:21:00","slug":"title-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/academic-writing\/title-case\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Title Case? | Explanation &#038; Worksheet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Title case<\/strong> is a capitalization style or convention used for writing the titles of published works.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=index-1784.html>capitalization<\/a> style defines which words or letters should be written in uppercase and which ones should be written in lowercase. In title case, the first letter of each word in the title should be capitalized except for certain small words like \u201ca,\u201d \u201cthe,\u201d and \u201cof.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Title case<\/figcaption>I read <strong><em>The Catcher in the Rye<\/em><\/strong> yesterday.<\/figure>\n<p>Title case is used for capitalizing the words in a title, subtitle, or heading. It\u2019s commonly used in newspaper headlines, as well as the titles of books, movies, and video games. Due to this, title case is also known as \u201cheadline style.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left yellow\"><figcaption>Note<\/figcaption>The titles of longer works (e.g., books, movies) are generally italicized, while the titles of shorter works (e.g., articles, poems) are usually enclosed in <a href=index-2681.html>quotation marks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>However, different style guides may have different rules. It\u2019s important to consistently follow the rules outlined in your chosen style guide. You can also use the <a href=index-991.html>Scribbr citation generator<\/a>, which automatically proposes the correct capitalization for citations.<\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what\">What to capitalize in title case<\/h2>\n<p>With title case, you always capitalize the first word and (usually) the last word of a title. How you render the rest of the words depends on whether they are considered <strong>major<\/strong> or <strong>minor<\/strong> words.<\/p>\n<p>The following <a href=index-3515.html>parts of speech<\/a> are considered <span class=\"highlight-yellow\">minor words<\/span> and are typically <strong>not capitalized<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3572.html>Prepositions<\/a> with fewer than four letters (\u201cin,\u201d \u201cfor,\u201d \u201cof\u201d)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3571.html>Articles<\/a> (\u201cthe\u201d, \u201c<a href=index-4093.html>a or an<\/a>\u201d)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3524.html>Coordinating conjunctions <\/a>(\u201cand,\u201d \u201cbut,\u201d \u201cor\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All other words are considered <span class=\"highlight-green\">major words<\/span> and<strong> are capitalized<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3522.html>Nouns <\/a>(\u201cpen,\u201d \u201cflower,\u201d \u201cocean\u201d)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3541.html>Pronouns <\/a>(\u201cI,\u201d \u201cher,\u201d \u201cthese\u201d)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3523.html>Verbs<\/a> (\u201cforget,\u201d \u201cbuild,\u201d \u201cdo\u201d)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3402.html#:~:text=An%20adverb%20is%20a%20word,%2C%20and%20time%20(when).\">Adverbs<\/a> (\u201cnow,\u201d \u201cslowly,\u201d \u201chere\u201d)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index-3479.html>Adjectives<\/a> (\u201cadorable,\u201d \u201cfresh,\u201d \u201csarcastic\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Minor and major words in title case<\/figcaption>I prefer <span class=\"highlight-green\"><em>Pride<\/em><\/span> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">and<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Prejudice<\/span> <\/em>over <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Emma<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Lord<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">of<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">the<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Flies<\/span><\/em> is one of the most disturbing books I\u2019ve ever read.<\/p>\n<p>In <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Enter<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">the<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Dragon<\/span><\/em><em>,<\/em> Bruce Lee plays a Shaolin monk recruited by British intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>The most common age group for <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Call<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">of<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Duty<\/span><\/em> players is 21\u201335.<\/figure>\n<p>However, minor words are capitalized when they are the first word of the title.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"highlight-yellow\"><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><\/span> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Clockwork<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Orange<\/span><\/em> was directed by Stanley Kubrick.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"highlight-yellow\"><strong><em>T<\/em><\/strong><em>he<\/em><\/span> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Count<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">of<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Monte Cristo<\/span><\/em> tells the story of a young man who is wrongfully imprisoned.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"highlight-yellow\"><strong><em>T<\/em><\/strong><em>o<\/em><\/span> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Kill<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-yellow\">a<\/span><\/em> <em><span class=\"highlight-green\">Mockingbird<\/span><\/em> has been banned in some schools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/figure>\n<p>It is important to keep in mind that different style guides, like <a href=index-1778.html>APA Style<\/a>, <a href=index-1779.html>MLA<\/a>, or <a href=index-1780.html>Chicago Style<\/a>, have slightly different rules regarding capitalization. More specifically, they differ in how they render:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index.html#prepositions\">Prepositions<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index.html#coordinating\">Coordinating conjunctions<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index.html#subordinating\">Subordinating conjunctions<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=index.html#last\">The last word in a title<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"prepositions\">Prepositions<\/h3>\n<p>Some style guides like MLA use lowercase for all prepositions, regardless of their length. Others, like APA and AP, only use lowercase for prepositions up to three letters.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Title case prepositions\u00a0<\/figcaption><strong>APA\/AP\/AMA: <\/strong><em>All <\/em><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><em>bout Eve <\/em>is a 1950\u2019s classic movie still appreciated for its acid wit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MLA\/Chicago:<\/strong> <em>All <\/em><strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><em>bout Eve <\/em>is a 1950\u2019s classic movie still appreciated for its acid wit.<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"coordinating\">Coordinating conjunctions<\/h3>\n<p>There are seven coordinating conjunctions in English. They can be remembered using the mnemonic device <strong>FANBOYS<\/strong>: <strong>f<\/strong>or, <strong>a<\/strong>nd, <strong>n<\/strong>or, <strong>b<\/strong>ut, <strong>o<\/strong>r,<strong> y<\/strong>et, <strong>s<\/strong>o.<\/p>\n<p>Most major style guides use lowercase for all seven coordinating conjunctions. One exception is Chicago style, which uses lowercase for all except \u201cyet\u201d and \u201cso.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Title case coordinating conjunctions<\/figcaption><strong>APA\/AP\/AMA\/MLA:<\/strong> <em>Lost <\/em><strong><em>y<\/em><\/strong><em>et Found: A Journey of Discovery<\/em> is a solo hiker\u2019s travel memoir on the Pacific Crest Trail.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chicago<\/strong>: <em>Lost <\/em><strong><em>Y<\/em><\/strong><em>et Found: A Journey of Discovery<\/em> is a solo hiker\u2019s travel memoir on the Pacific Crest Trail.<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"subordinating\">Subordinating conjunctions<\/h3>\n<p>In APA, \u201cas\u201d and \u201cif\u201d are written in lowercase, while in Chicago \u201cas\u201d is written in lowercase and \u201cif\u201d is capitalized. AMA and MLA capitalize both.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Title case subordinating conjunctions<\/figcaption><strong>AP\/APA:<\/strong> <em>Grab On to Me Tightly <\/em><strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><em>s <\/em><strong><em>i<\/em><\/strong><em>f I Knew the Way\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>AMA\/MLA<\/strong>: <em>Grab On to Me Tightly<\/em><strong><em> A<\/em><\/strong><em>s <\/em><strong><em>I<\/em><\/strong><em>f I Knew the Way<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Chicago:<\/strong> <em>Grab On to Me Tightly <\/em><strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><em>s <\/em><strong><em>I<\/em><\/strong><em>f I Knew the Way<\/em><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"last\">Last word<\/h3>\n<p>In some styles, the last word is always capitalized, regardless of whether it is a major or minor word. Other style guides have no such rule and the last word is in lowercase.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Capitalizing the last word<\/figcaption><strong>MLA\/Chicago\/AP: <\/strong>The movie <em>And the Band Played <\/em><strong><em>O<\/em><\/strong><em>n<\/em> is based on a book.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AMA\/APA: <\/strong>The movie <em>And the Band Played <\/em><strong><em>o<\/em><\/strong><em>n <\/em>is based on a book.<\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"sentence\">Title case vs. sentence case<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Title case<\/strong> and <a href=index-3574.html><strong>sentence case<\/strong><\/a> are two common capitalization styles that differ in how they capitalize words.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\" class=\"pb-2\">In <strong>title case<\/strong>, the initial letter of every major word is in uppercase, while minor words are in lowercase. Title case is most frequently used for <a href=index-1766.html>headings<\/a> and titles of books, movies, and other works of art.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\" class=\"pb-2\">In <strong>sentence case<\/strong> only the first word of a sentence is capitalized, along with any <a href=index-3564.html>proper nouns<\/a> (names of people, places, etc.).The rest of the words in the sentence are in lowercase, regardless of their grammatical role. This style is mostly used in standard writing, but it is also commonly used in headlines, headings, and subheadings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><figcaption>Example: Title case vs. sentence case<\/figcaption><strong>Title case: F<\/strong>irefighters <strong>S<\/strong>truggle to <strong>C<\/strong>ontrol <strong>R<\/strong>aging <strong>G<\/strong>reek <strong>W<\/strong>ildfires<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sentence case: F<\/strong>irefighters struggle to control raging <strong>G<\/strong>reek wildfires<\/figure>\n<p>While sentence case is consistent across styles, some style guides differ in their rules for using title case.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"converter\">Title case converter<\/h2>\n<p>If you are in doubt about whether your headline is capitalized correctly, there are a few free online tools you can use to help you check your work, including:<\/p>\n<p><a href=index-4456.html>Titlecaseconverter.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This converter allows you to choose one or multiple style guides for your output text (including AP, APA, and Chicago). It can also highlight and explain changes. Once you have entered your text, you simply click the \u201cconvert\u201d button.<\/p>\n<p><a href=index-4457.html>Convertcase.net<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To use this online converter, you can either type or copy-paste your text on the left, and it will be automatically transformed into title case on the right. You can download the output as a .txt file or select \u201ccopy to clipboard.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=index-4458.html>Titlecase.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is a simple converter that transforms your text into title case as well as AP-style title case. Similar to the others, it allows you to type or copy-paste your text, and once you press \u201cconvert\u201d the output appears below.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"worksheet\">Worksheet: Title case<\/h2>\n<p>With the worksheet below, you can test your understanding of how title case works. Fill in one of the two options in each sentence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs\" style=\"border: none;\">\n<ul class=\"scribbrTabs-menu\" style=\"background-color: #bbd9f6; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: center;\">\n<li class=\"current\"><a href=index.html#\">Practice questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index.html#\">Answers and explanations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-tabs\">\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\" style=\"background-color: #e8f2fc;\">\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of Boticelli\u2019s most famous works is____________[the Birth Of Venus\/The Birth of Venus]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I borrowed _________[Of Mice and Men\/of Mice and Men] a while ago, but never managed to finish the first chapter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I love your___________ [Lord of the Rings notebook\/Lord of the Rings Notebook].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"scribbrTabs-content\" style=\"background-color: #e8f2fc;\">\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of Boticelli\u2019s most famous works is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Birth of Venus.<\/span><\/i>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe\u201d is capitalized because it is the first word of the title.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBirth\u201d is capitalized because it is a major word (noun).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOf\u201d is not capitalized because it is a preposition.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cVenus\u201d is capitalized because it is major word (proper noun)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I borrowed <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of Mice and Men<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a while ago, but never managed to finish the first chapter. <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOf\u201d is capitalized because it is the first word of the title despite being a preposition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMice\u201d is capitalized because it is a noun.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAnd\u201d is not capitalized because it is a coordinating conjunction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMen\u201d is capitalized because it is the last word of the title. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I love your <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lord of the Rings <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">notebook.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here, \u201cLord of the Rings\u201d is the title and also a compound adjective (like \u201cerror-free,\u201d \u201ckind-hearted,\u201d etc.) modifying the noun (\u201cnotebook\u201d). For this reason, we need to stop applying title case when we are finished writing the title (\u201cLord of the Rings\u201d).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\"><\/ol>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <h2>Frequently asked questions about title case<\/h2>\n<dl class=\"faq-list faq-list--arrows w-100 my-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"capitalization-grammar\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4454.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        What is capitalization in grammar?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"capitalization-grammar-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p><a href=index-4455.html>Capitalization<\/a> is the practice of using uppercase or capital letters in writing to indicate the beginning of a sentence or to emphasize certain words or types of words within a sentence.<\/p>\n<p>For example, capitalizing place names, family names, and days of the week are all standard in English. Different capitalization styles, like <strong>title case<\/strong> and <a href=index-3574.html><strong>sentence case<\/strong><\/a>, apply different rules when it comes to which letters to capitalize.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"capitalize-title\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4459.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        What do you capitalize in a title?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"capitalize-title-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Which words you capitalize depends on the capitalization style you use. <a href=index-2718.html><strong>Title case <\/strong><\/a>and <a href=index-3574.html><strong>sentence case<\/strong><\/a> are two common <a href=index-1784.html>capitalization<\/a> styles that follow different rules:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\" class=\"pb-2\">In <strong>title case<\/strong>, the initial letter of every major word (such as a <a href=index-3523.html>verb<\/a>) is capitalized, while minor words (such as <a href=index-3570.html#coordinating-conjunctions\">coordinating conjunctions<\/a>) are typically in lowercase. Title case is most frequently used for <a href=index-1766.html>headings<\/a> and the titles of published works.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\" class=\"pb-2\">In <strong>sentence case<\/strong>, only the first word of a sentence is capitalized, along with any <a href=index-3564.html>proper nouns<\/a> (names of specific people, places, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, these rules may vary. Follow the advice outlined in your style guide.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Title case is a capitalization style or convention used for writing the titles of published works. A capitalization style defines which words or letters should be written in uppercase and which ones should be written in lowercase. In title case, the first letter of each word in the title should be capitalized except for certain [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>What Is Title Case? | Explanation &amp; Worksheet<\/title>\n
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