{"id":5832,"date":"2023-06-29T10:07:05","date_gmt":"2023-06-29T08:07:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/?p=5832"},"modified":"2023-08-23T11:15:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T09:15:49","slug":"passive-voice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/academic-writing\/passive-voice\/","title":{"rendered":"Active vs. Passive Constructions | When to Use the Passive Voice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>passive voice<\/strong> occurs when the person or thing that performs an action is not the grammatical <strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\"><a href=index-3540.html>subject<\/a><\/span><\/strong> of the sentence. Instead, the person or thing that receives the action is placed before the <a href=index8e8a.html?p=407369\%22><strong><span class=\"text-color-purple\">verb<\/span><\/strong><\/a>. Passive sentences are formed using the verb\u00a0<em>to be<\/em> combined with a past participle.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left purple\">\n<h6><strong>Active voice<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The dog<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">bites<\/span><\/strong> the bone.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">\n<h6>Passive voice<\/h6>\n<p><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The bone<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">is bitten<\/span><\/strong> by the dog.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>In a passive construction, the actor does not have to be named at all.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">\n<h6>Passive construction<\/h6>\n<p><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The bone<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">is bitten<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Writers are often advised to avoid the passive voice, but it is not a grammatical error. In <a href=index-1794.html>academic writing<\/a>, this type of sentence structure is sometimes useful or necessary. However, overusing it can make your writing unclear or convoluted.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Avoiding the passive voice<\/h2>\n<p>In most cases, it\u2019s best to use active sentence constructions where possible. Sometimes the passive voice makes a sentence less clear by obscuring the actor.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The decision<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">was made<\/span><\/strong> to close the factory.<\/div>\n<p>Who made the decision? To properly understand what occurred, we need to know who was behind the action. This is possible in the passive voice, but the sentence becomes convoluted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The decision<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">was made<\/span><\/strong> by the CEO to close the factory.<\/div>\n<p>An active construction is preferable for clarity and <a href=index-3258.html>concision<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left purple\"><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The CEO<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">made<\/span><\/strong> the decision to close the factory.<\/div>\n<p>If you write a passive sentence, consider carefully whether leading with the actor would strengthen your point.<\/p>\n<p>This is also relevant when discussing previous research: active constructions that specify who is responsible for findings can make your writing more credible and convincing.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kb-checklist\">\n<li class=\"error\"><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">Evidence<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"text-color-purple\">has been found<\/span><\/strong> of nonhuman primates engaging in ritualistic behaviour.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">Smith (2015)<\/span><span class=\"text-color-purple\">\u00a0found<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0evidence of nonhuman primates engaging in ritualistic behaviour.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">Several recent studies<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">have found<\/span><\/strong> evidence of nonhuman primates engaging in ritualistic behaviour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Using the passive voice<\/h2>\n<p>Some types of academic writing do not permit the use of <a href=index-3541.html>first-person pronouns<\/a>. In these cases, the passive voice can be used for referring to your own actions.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-table responsive-inline full-width\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Active voice with first-person pronouns<\/th>\n<th>Passive voice to avoid first-person pronouns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">I<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">gathered<\/span><\/strong> data through an online survey.<\/td>\n<td><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">Data<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">was gathered<\/span><\/strong> through an online survey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">We<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">recorded<\/span><\/strong> the measurements at 9am every day for three weeks.<\/td>\n<td><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">The measurements<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">were recorded<\/span><\/strong> at 9am every day for three weeks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If you use the passive voice in more complex sentences, make sure to avoid <a href=index-3542.html>dangling modifiers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The passive voice is often also appropriate when the subject of an action is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">Thirty votes<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">were counted<\/span><\/strong> in favour of the amendment.<\/div>\n<p>In this case, the object of the action \u2013 the votes \u2013 is more important than who did the counting. Specifying the actor wouldn&#8217;t add any useful information to the sentence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><strong><span class=\"text-color-blue\">More research<\/span> <span class=\"text-color-purple\">is required<\/span><\/strong> to understand this phenomenon.<\/div>\n<p>With verbs like <em>require<\/em>, there is often no particular actor who does the <em>requiring<\/em>, so the passive voice is used to state a general sense of necessity or obligation.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"other\">Other interesting articles<\/h2>\n<p>If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or writing rules make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!<\/p>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md\" style=\"background-color: #e8f2fc; padding: 1.27rem 1.56rem; line-height: 1.8; border-radius: .5rem; margin-right: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;\">\n<p><strong><em class=\"fa fa-book\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/em>\u00a0Academic Writing<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding: 5px;\">\n<li><a href=index-1789.html>Avoiding repetition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-1766.html>Effective headings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-3543.html>Grawlix<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-979.html>Taboo words<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-3544.html>Tautology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-3399.html>Transition words<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md\" style=\"background-color: #e8f2fc; padding: 1.27rem 1.56rem; line-height: 1.8; border-radius: .5rem; margin-right: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;\">\n<p><strong><em class=\"fa fa-desktop\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/em>\u00a0AI<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding: 5px;\">\n<li><a href=index-1585.html>Deep learning <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-1586.html>Generative AI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-1587.html>Machine learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-1588.html>Reinforcement learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-1589.html>Supervised vs. unsupervised learning<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md\" style=\"background-color: #e8f2fc; padding: 1.27rem 1.56rem; line-height: 1.8; border-radius: .5rem; margin-right: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;\">\n<p><strong><em class=\"fa fa-cogs\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/em>\u00a0(AI) Tools<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding: 5px;\">\n<li><a href=index-989.html>Grammar Checker<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-988.html>Paraphrasing Tool<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-990.html>Text Summarizer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-1590.html>AI Detector<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-931.html>Plagiarism Checker<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=index-991.html>Citation Generator<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The passive voice occurs when the person or thing that performs an action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. Instead, the person or thing that receives the action is placed before the verb. Passive sentences are formed using the verb\u00a0to be combined with a past participle. Active voice The dog bites the bone. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Active vs. Passive Constructions | When to Use the Passive Voice<\/title>\n
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