{"id":5892,"date":"2020-11-04T10:00:27","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T09:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/?p=5892"},"modified":"2022-09-30T17:04:36","modified_gmt":"2022-09-30T15:04:36","slug":"in-text-citation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/apa-style\/in-text-citation\/","title":{"rendered":"Beginner&#8217;s guide to APA in-text citation"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left yellow\">This article reflects the\u00a0<strong>APA 7th edition<\/strong>\u00a0guidelines. <a href=index-3726.html>Click here<\/a> for APA 6th edition guidelines.<\/figure>\n<p>In-text citations briefly identify the source of information in the body text. They correspond to a full <a href=index-3331.html>reference entry<\/a> at the end of your paper.<\/p>\n<p>APA in-text citations consist of the author\u2019s last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page number or range, for example <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Parker, 2020, p. 67)<\/span> or <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Johnson, 2017, pp. 39\u201341)<\/span>.<\/p>\n\t<h6 class=\"h3\">Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr<\/h6>\n\n<div style=\"min-height: 96px\">\n  <auto-cite style=\"position:relative;z-index:1\" locale=en_US baseurl=https:\/\/autocite.cgs.scribbr.com domain=com citationstyle=apa env=production><\/auto-cite>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; background: #E8F2FC; margin: 0px;\">\n<h2>Worried about in-text citation errors?<\/h2>\n<p>Run a quick check to see how many APA citation errors your paper contains before submitting your work.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Checked on over 100 APA guidelines<\/li>\n<li>Result within one minute<\/li>\n<li>APA Style 6th &amp; 7th edition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn--orange\" href=index-4912.html#free-quick-check\">Try for free<\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>APA in-text citations explained in 4 minutes<\/h2>\n<div class=\"card youtubeContainer\"><iframe src=opp259yvaoe438d.html?rel=0\%22 frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2>Parenthetical vs. narrative citations<\/h2>\n<p>The in-text citation can be placed in <a href=index-1829.html>parentheses<\/a> or naturally integrated into a sentence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=index-3328.html>Parenthetical<\/a>:<\/strong> There is a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Parker, 2019)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Narrative:<\/strong> <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Parker<\/span> <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(2019)<\/span> found a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The publication year appears directly after the author&#8217;s name when using the narrative format. The parenthetical citation can be placed within or at the end of a sentence, just before the period. Check out a full <a href=index.html#example-paragraph\">example paragraph with in-text citations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"multiple-authors\">APA in-text citations with multiple authors<\/h2>\n<p>If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&amp;) in a parenthetical citation or &#8220;and&#8221; in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author\u2019s last name followed by \u201cet al.\u201d, meaning \u201cand others\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-table responsive alternate\">\n<caption>Multiple authors in APA in-text citations<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 225px;\">Author type<\/th>\n<th>Parenthetical<\/th>\n<th>Narrative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>One author<\/th>\n<td>(Harris, 2020)<\/td>\n<td>Harris (2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Two authors<\/th>\n<td>(Harris &amp; Cook, 2020)<\/td>\n<td>Harris and Cook (2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Three or more authors<\/th>\n<td>(Harris et al., 2020)<\/td>\n<td>Harris et al. (2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Group authors<\/th>\n<td>(Scribbr, 2020)<\/td>\n<td>Scribbr (2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Abbreviated group author<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First citation<\/li>\n<li>Subsequent citations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<td>(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020)<\/p>\n<p>(CDC, 2020)<\/td>\n<td>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020)<\/p>\n<p>CDC (2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"missing-information\">No author, date or page number<\/h2>\n<table class=\"kb-table responsive alternate\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<caption>Missing information in APA in-text citations<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Unknown element<\/th>\n<th>Solution<\/th>\n<th>In-text citation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Author<\/th>\n<td>Use the source title.<\/td>\n<td>(<em>Source Title<\/em>, 2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Date<\/th>\n<td>Write \u201cn.d.\u201d for \u201cno date\u201d.<\/td>\n<td>(Harris, n.d.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Page number<\/th>\n<td>Use an alternative locator or<br \/>\nomit the page number.<\/td>\n<td>(Harris, 2020, 03:46) or<br \/>\n(Harris, 2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"no-author\">No author<\/h3>\n<p>If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or <a href=index-4913.html>government<\/a> responsible for creating the content. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">The costs of solar energy have decreased by 34% in the past three years <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Tesla, 2020)<\/span>.<\/figure>\n<p>Alternatively, use the source title in place of the author. Italicize the title if it&#8217;s italicized in the reference entry (except for <a href=index-2719.html>court cases<\/a>, which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). Otherwise, enclose it in double quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p>Apply title case capitalization, and shorten long titles. The first word of the title should always be included so readers can easily locate the corresponding reference entry.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">\n<ul>\n<li>(&#8220;U.S. Flood Risk,&#8221; 2015)<\/li>\n<li>(<em>Thinking, Fast and Slow<\/em>, 2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"no-date\">No publication date<\/h3>\n<p>If the publication date is unknown, write &#8220;n.d.&#8221; (no date) in the in-text citation.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">(Johnson, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">n.d.<\/span>).<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"no-locator\">No page number (alternative locators)<\/h3>\n<p>Page numbers are only required with <a href=index-2717.html>direct quotes in APA<\/a>. If you are quoting from a work that does not have page numbers (e.g., <a href=index-4877.html>webpages<\/a> or <a href=index-4639.html>YouTube videos<\/a>), you can use an alternative locator, such as:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Liu, 2020, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">03:26<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>(Johnson, 2019, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Chapter 3<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>(McCombes, 2016, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">para. 4<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>(Davis, 2016, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Slide 15<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>(Flores, 2020, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Table 5<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>(Streefkerk, 2020, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">&#8220;No page number&#8221; section<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Note that <a href=index-4914.html>Bible citations<\/a> always use chapter and verse numbers, even when page numbers are available:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">(<em>English Standard Version Bible<\/em>, 2001, <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Josh. 2:7<\/span>)<\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"multiple-sources-parentheses\">Multiple sources in one parenthesis<\/h2>\n<p>If a statement is supported by multiple sources, the in-text citations can be combined in one parenthesis. Order the sources alphabetically, and separate them with a semicolon.<\/p>\n<p>When citing multiple works from the same author, list the years of publication separated by a comma.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">Several studies have replicated these results <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Brown, 2009; Porter, 2004; Smith, 2015, 2017)<\/span>.<\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"avoiding-ambiquity\">Avoiding ambiguity in APA in-text citations<\/h2>\n<p>When in-text citations are ambiguous because they correspond to multiple reference entries, apply the solutions outlined in the table below.<\/p>\n<table class=\"kb-table responsive alternate\">\n<caption>Ambiguity in APA in-text citations<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 280px;\">Situation<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 225px;\">Solution<\/th>\n<th>In-text citation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Multiple works by the same author in the same year.<\/th>\n<td>Add a lowercase letter after the year.<\/td>\n<td>(Cooper, 2018a)<br \/>\n(Cooper, 2018b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Different authors with the same last name.<\/th>\n<td>Include the authors\u2019 initials.<\/td>\n<td>(H. Taylor, 2019)<br \/>\n(B. J. Taylor, 2016)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Multiple works with 3+ authors that shorten to the same form (i.e., same first author(s) and date).<\/th>\n<td>Include as many names as needed to distinguish the citations.<\/td>\n<td>(Cooper, Lee, et al., 2015)<br \/>\n(Cooper, Ross, et al., 2015)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"as-cited-in\">Citing indirect sources (\u201cas cited in\u201d)<\/h2>\n<p>If you want to refer to a source that you have found in another source, you should always try to access the original or <a href=index-2778.html>primary source<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>However, if you cannot find the <span class=\"highlight-blue\">original source<\/span>, you should cite it through the <span class=\"highlight-purple\"><a href=index-2778.html>secondary source<\/a><\/span> that led you to it, using the phrase \u201cas cited in\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">(<span class=\"highlight-blue\">Parker, 1978<\/span>, as cited in <span class=\"highlight-purple\">Bloom et al., 2017<\/span>)<\/figure>\n<p>If the publication date of the primary source is unknown, include only the year of publication of the secondary source.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\"><span class=\"highlight-blue\">Porter<\/span> (as cited in <span class=\"highlight-purple\">Johnson, 2017<\/span>) states that\u2026<\/figure>\n<p>Only include a <a href=index-3331.html>reference entry<\/a> for the secondary source, not the primary source.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"personal-communication\">Citing personal communication<\/h2>\n<p><a href=index-3636.html>Personal communications<\/a>, such as phone calls, emails, and interviews, are not included in the reference list because readers can\u2019t access them. The in-text citation is also formatted slightly differently.<\/p>\n<p>Include the initials and last name of the person you communicated with, the words \u201cpersonal communication,\u201d and the exact date in parentheses.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">Sales are declining in the second quarter <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(P. G. Brown, personal communication, June 13, 2019)<\/span>.<\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"general-mentions\">General mentions of websites and software<\/h2>\n<p>General mentions of a website or software don\u2019t have to be cited with an in-text citation or entry in the reference list. Instead, incorporate relevant information into the running text.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox border-left blue\">\n<ul>\n<li>The website of <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Scribbr (www.scribbr.com)<\/span> contains various useful resources.<\/li>\n<li>Statistical software <span class=\"highlight-blue\">SPSS (version 25)<\/span> was used to analyze the data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"example-paragraph\">Example paragraph with in-text citations<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"kb-textbox document\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><figcaption>Adapted example paragraph<\/figcaption><div class=\"doc-wrap\">Body image issues have been widely associated with social media usage, particularly in young women <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Perloff, 2014)<\/span>. The relation between media depictions and body image concerns is well-established; a meta-analysis by <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Grabe et al. (2008)<\/span> concluded that exposure to mass media is linked to body image dissatisfaction among women. Several empirical studies have focused on Facebook usage in adolescent girls <span class=\"highlight-blue\">(Meier &amp; Gray, 2014; Tiggermann &amp; Slater, 2013)<\/span>, while a <a href=index-3640.html>systematic review<\/a> by <span class=\"highlight-blue\">Holland and Timmerman (2016)<\/span> established a relationship between social networking and body image for both women and men.<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n    <h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<dl class=\"faq-list faq-list--arrows w-100 my-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"apa-in-text-citation-website\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4915.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        What does an APA in-text citation for a website look like?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"apa-in-text-citation-website-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>When citing a <a href=index-4877.html>webpage<\/a> or online article<a href=index-1778.html><\/a>, the<a href=index-3332.html> APA in-text citation<\/a> consists of the author\u2019s last name and year of publication. For example: (Worland &amp; Williams, 2015).\u00a0Note that the author can also be an organization. For example: (American Psychological Association, 2019).<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re <a href=index-1828.html>quoting<\/a> you should also include a locator. Since web pages don&#8217;t have page numbers, you can use one of the following options:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paragraph number:<\/strong> (Smith, 2018, para. 15).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heading or section name:<\/strong> (<strong><\/strong>CDC, 2020, Flu Season section)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abbreviated heading:\u00a0<\/strong>(<strong><\/strong>CDC, 2020, &#8220;Key Facts&#8221; section)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"author-or-publication-date-unknown\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4916.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        How do I cite a source with an unknown author or publication date in APA?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"author-or-publication-date-unknown-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <h3>No author<\/h3>\n<p>Instead of the author\u2019s name, include the <a href=index-3637.html#no-author\">first few words of the work\u2019s title<\/a> in the in-text citation. Enclose the title in double quotation marks when citing an article, web page or book chapter. Italicize the title of periodicals, books, and reports.<\/p>\n<h3>No publication date<\/h3>\n<p>If the <a href=index-3637.html#no-date\">publication date is unknown<\/a>, use \u201cn.d.\u201d (no date) instead. For example: (Johnson, n.d.).<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"et-al-apa-citations\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4873.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        When should I use \u201cet al.\u201d in APA in-text citations?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"et-al-apa-citations-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>The abbreviation \u201c<a href=index-4305.html>et al.<\/a>\u201d (meaning \u201cand others\u201d) is used to shorten <a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citations<\/a> with <strong>three or more authors<\/strong>. Here\u2019s how it works:<\/p>\n<p>Only include the first author\u2019s last name, followed by \u201cet al.\u201d, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"page-number-apa-in-text-citation\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4917.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        When should I include a page number in an APA in-text citation?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"page-number-apa-in-text-citation-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>Always include page numbers in the <a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citation<\/a> when <a href=index-1828.html>quoting a source<\/a>. Don\u2019t include page numbers when referring to a work as a whole \u2013 for example, an entire book or journal article.<\/p>\n<p>If your source does not have page numbers, you can use an <a href=index-3637.html#no-locator\">alternative locator<\/a> such as a timestamp, chapter heading or paragraph number.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"multiple-sources-same-author-apa\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4918.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        How do I cite multiple sources by the same author in APA Style?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"multiple-sources-same-author-apa-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>If you cite several sources by the same author or group of authors, you&#8217;ll distinguish between them in your <a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citations<\/a> using the year of publication.<\/p>\n<p>If you cite multiple sources by the same author(s) <a href=index-3637.html#multiple-sources-parentheses\">at the same point<\/a>, you can just write the author name(s) once and separate the different years with commas, e.g., (Smith, 2020, 2021).<\/p>\n<p>To distinguish between sources with the same author(s) <strong>and\u00a0<\/strong>the same publication year, add a different lowercase letter after the year for each source, e.g., (Smith, 2020, 2021a, 2021b). Add the same letters to the corresponding <a href=index-3331.html>reference entries<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"apa-citing-indirect-source\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-3711.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        How do I cite an indirect source in APA Style? (\u201cas cited in\u201d)\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"apa-citing-indirect-source-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>In an <a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citation<\/a>, you use the phrase \u201c<strong>as cited in<\/strong>\u201d if you want to cite a source indirectly (i.e., if you cannot find the original source).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Parenthetical citation:<\/strong> (Brown, 1829, as cited in Mahone, 2018)<br \/>\n<strong>Narrative citation:<\/strong> Brown (1829, as cited in Mahone, 2018) states that&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>On the <a href=index-3727.html>reference page<\/a>, you only include the secondary source (Mahone, 2018).<\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n            <div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n            <dt id=\"apa-in-text-citation-before-period\" class=\"faq-list__title\">\n                <a href=index-4919.html class=\"faq-list__link qa-faq-anchor\">\n                    <span itemprop=\"name\">\n                        Should I place the in-text citation before or after the period?\n                    <\/span>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/dt>\n            <dd id=\"apa-in-text-citation-before-period-answer\" class=\"faq-list__answer qa-faq-answer kb-article-styles\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                <div itemprop=\"text\">\n                                        <p>An <a href=index-3332.html>APA in-text citation<\/a> is placed <strong>before<\/strong> the final punctuation mark in a sentence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The company invested over 40,000 hours in optimizing its algorithm <strong>(Davis, 2011)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>A recent poll suggests that EU membership \u201cwould be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters\u201d in a referendum <strong>(Levring, 2018)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/dd>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article reflects the\u00a0APA 7th edition\u00a0guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines. In-text citations briefly identify the source of information in the body text. They correspond to a full reference entry at the end of your paper. APA in-text citations consist of the author\u2019s last name and publication year. When citing a specific part [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[50088],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.) | Multiple Authors &amp; Missing Info<\/title>\n
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